Horse trainers are isolated from advances in animal training. So there is a need for horse trainers to understand learning theory and the principles that surround NR. They believe that PR has positive welfare implications and thus NR being “negative,” has negative welfare implications. Many qualified animal trainers misunderstand NR and confuse it with punishment. People typically use this technique to help children learn good patterns of. When NR responses are installed correctly, only mild pressures need to be used, and results are obtained in few trials. Negative reinforcement is the encouragement of certain behaviors by removing or avoiding a negative outcome or stimuli. There is a need for research into the mechanics of NR because it is poorly researched compared to PR.
Positive Punishment: The act of adding an unpleasant stimulus with the aim of decreasing undesired behavior. For example: Taking the dog for the morning walk to avoid mother’s scolding. Resultant conflict behaviors contribute to equine wastage statistics and include behaviors that are dangerous to horses and humans. Negative Reinforcement: The act of removing an unpleasant stimulus with the aim of increasing desired behavior. The absence of release of pressure, the release of pressure at the wrong times, the use of opposing pressures simultaneously and the absence of shaping procedures are central to the development of acute and chronic stress responses in horses. These beliefs may be associated with several welfare issues and indicate areas requiring future research: 1. Under these conditions, it is claimed the willing horse will perform its required maneuvers. Instead, they believe in the benevolent nature of the horse and see their task in training as one of improving the balance and gymnastic ability of the horse-outcomes that emerge when the rider is similarly properly balanced. Furthermore, horse trainers are largely unaware that they are using NR in training. In the scheme of contemporary animal training, horse training is virtually unique because it relies on negative reinforcement (NR) rather than positive reinforcement (PR).
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